| Turbidite |
sediment gravity flows and its subordinated
currents and flows. |
| Bouma Sequence |
A predictable sequence of sedimentary features
that describes turbidites. Named after Bouma. |
| Submarine Fan |
Extensive turbidite sequences accumulated
as broad sheets and lobes of sediment that spread out from submarine canyons.. |
| Density Current |
Current due to differences in density of water
from place to place caused by changes in temperature and variations in
salinity or amount of material held in suspension. |
| Massive Sandstone |
sed |
| Pebbly Sandstone |
ediment gravity flows and its subordinated
currents and flows. |
| Conglomorate |
sediment gravity flows and its subordinated
currents and flows. |
| Slump/Slide |
sediment gravity flows and its subordinated
currents and flows. |
| laminar flow |
Mechanism by which fluid (such as water) moves
slowly along a smooth channel or through a tube with smooth walls
with fluid particles following straight-line paths parallel to channel
or walls. |
| turbulent flow |
Mechanism by which fluid (such as water) moves
over or past a rough surface. Fluid not in contact with irregular
boundary outruns that slowed by friction or deflected
by uneven surface. Fluid particles move in series of eddies or whirls.
Most stream flow is turbulent; turbulent flow is important in both erosion
and transportation. |
| Osolith |
Large exotic slide blocks that result from gravity-transport at slopes. |
| Olistrome |
Large slupmed and deforemed shales, debris
flows full of a chaotic assemblage of exotic brecciated blocks that result
from gravity-transport at slopes. |
| Contourite |
Deposit resultant from contour currents that
are product of normal oceanic circulation as water masses of different
densities move relative to one another. |
| Flute/Groove cast |
Sole marks characteristic of slope and rise. They are caused by strong currents that scour the cohesive and muddy bottom. |
| Pelagic |
Material formed in deep ocean and deposited
there (settling out of overlying water column). |
| Submarine Canyon |
Channel |
| Slope |
The section below the shelf-slope break. Usually
it's narrow (10 to 100 km) and slopes downward at an average angle of 4o-6o. |
| Rise |
A broad, gently slopoing region at the base
of the continental slope that grades into the seafloor. It occurs
at a depth of about 1,500 m, and the slope can be up to 600 km wide at
about 1-10 m/km. |
| Abyssal Plain |
sediment |
| Continental Margin |
sediment |
| Basin |
Anticlinal fold without clearly developed
linearity of crest so that beds involved dip in all directions from a central
area, like an inverted but usually distorted cup. Reverse of basin. |
| Levee |
Bank of sand and silt built by river during
floods, where suspended load deposited in greatest quantity close to river.
Process of developing natural levees tends to raise river banks above level
of surrounding flood plains. Break in natural levee sometimes called crevasse. |
| Terrigenous |
Derived from the land, especially by erosive
action. Used primarily of sediments. terrigenous deposits are material
derived from above sea level and deposited in deep ocean. |
| slump |
Downward and outward movement of rock or unconsolidated
material as unit or as series of units. Also called slope failure. |
