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Ichnology
& General Sequence Stratigraphy - Papers
This
page lists some of the literature [with some attached .pdf files]
related to the recognition that sedimentary burrows that modify
bedding plane surfaces and below can be characterized (science of
ichnology) and how this information can be used in sequence stratigraphic
analysis to interpret, understand and correlate the sedimentary
record.
Arnott,
R. W. C., F. J. Hein and S. G. Pemberton, (1995),
Influence of the Ancestral Sweetgrass Arch on Sedimentation
of the Lower Cretaceous Bootlegger Member, North-Central Montana,
Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section B: Stratigraphy
and Global Studies, Vol. 65B, No. 2, Pages 222-234.
[Recognition of the structural control on depositional
setting recorded by burrowers.] |
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Bromley,
Richard G., Alfred Uchman, Murray R. Gregory and Anthony J.
Martin, (2003), Hillichnus lobosensis igen. et isp.
nov., a complex trace fossil produced by tellinacean bivalves,
Paleocene, Monterey, California, USA, Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Volume 192, Issues 1-4,
Pages 157-186.
[Details
burrowing
organisms and their response to the chemical
and bacterialogical setting in a deeperwater canyon] |
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Bromley,
Richard G., and Nils-Martin Hanken (2003), Structure
and function of large, lobed Zoophycos, Pliocene of Rhodes,
Greece; Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,
Volume 192, Issues 1-4, Pages 79-100.
[Suggests importance of oxygen in the sediment and character
burrrows.] |
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Droser,
Mary L., Soren Jensen, and James G. Gehling (2002), Trace
fossils and substrates of the terminal Proterozoic–Cambrian
transition: Implications for the record of early bilaterians
and sediment mixing; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. vol. 99,
no. 20, p12575.
[Substrate firmness shown important to preservation of bioturbation
in the sediments] |
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Ekdale,
A. A., and Richard G. Bromley (2003), Paleoethologic
interpretation of complex Thalassinoides in shallow-marine limestones,
Lower Ordovician, southern Sweden, Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Volume 192, Issues 1-4, Pages
221-227.
[Subtleties of sedimentary responses to burrowing organisms
in limestones!] |
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Frey, Robert
W., and S. George Pemberton (1985), Biogenic Structures
in Outcrops and Cores. I. Approaches to Ichnology,
Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, Vol. 33 No. 1, Pages
72-115.
[Classic really well illustrated heirarchical atlas of ichnology
for the novice & experts!] |
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Frey, Robert
W., and S. George Pemberton, (1987), The Psilonichnus
Ichnocoenose, and Its Relationship to Adjacent Marine and Nonmarine
Ichnocoenoses along the Georgia Coast, Bulletin of
Canadian Petroleum Geology, Vol. 35 No. 3., Pages 333-357.
[Use of more detailed ichnology better linked to coastal
depositional settings]. |
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Gingras,
Murray K., S., Pemberton, G., and Saunders, T., (2001),
Bathymetry, sediment texture, and substrate cohesiveness; their
impact on modern Glossifungites trace assemblages at Willapa
Bay, Washington. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 169(1-2): 1-21.
[Better numbers on constraints on using ichnology to determine
depositional setting]. |
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Gingras,
Murray K., and S. George Pemberton, (2000), A Field
Method for Determining the Firmness of Colonized Sediment Substrates,
Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section B: Stratigraphy
and Global Studies, Vol. 70, No. 6, Pages 1341-1344..
[Size of indent of hard sphere dropped from fixed height
found inversely proportional to media firmness and the colonization
of the surface by a variety of burrowers].
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Gingras,
Murray K., Bryce MacMillan, Bruce J. Balcom, Tom Saunders, and
S. George Pemberton, (2002), Using Magnetic Resonance
Imaging and Petrographic Techniques to Understand the Textural
Attributes and Porosity Distribution in Macaronichnus-Burrowed
Sandstone, Journal of Sedimentary Research, Vol. 72,
No. 4, Pages 552-558.
[Magnetic resonance images used to determine how subtle
variations in grain size and porosity effect character and distribution
of burrows].
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Gingras,
Murray K., James A. MacEachern, and S. George Pemberton, (1998),
A Comparative Analysis of the Ichnology of Wave- and
River-dominated Allomembers of the Upper Cretaceous Dunvegan
Formation, Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,
Vol. 46, No. 1, Pages 51-73.
[Differentiation of wave versus fluvial depositional setting
determined from Ichnology].
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Gingras,
Murray K., Matti E. Rasanen, S. George Pemberton, and Lidia
P. Romero (2002), Ichnology and Sedimentology Reveal
Depositional Characteristics of Bay-Margin Parasequences in
the Miocene Amazonian Foreland Basin, Journal of Sedimentary
Research Vol. 72 Journal of Sedimentary Research Vol. 72, No.
6, Pages 871-883.
[The subtleties of depositional setting in stratigraphic
sequences determined from Ichnology.]
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Gingras,
Murray K., S. George Pemberton, and Tom Saunders, (2000),
Firmness Profiles Associated with Tidal-Creek Deposits: The
Temporal Significance of Glossifungites Assemblages,
Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section A: Sedimentary Petrology
and Processes, Vol. 70, No. 5, Pages 1017-1025.
[The firmness of Pleistocene versus Holocene sediment, setting
& the role of grain size in compaction is considered important
to the erosion & colonization of surfaces]. |
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Gunatilaka,
Ananda, (1976), Thallophytic Boring and Micritization
Within Skeletal Sands from Connemara, Western Ireland, Journal
of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 46 No. 3, Pages 548-554.
[Enegmatic surface burrowed & altered by cyanano bacteria
during a transgression?].
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Hiscott,
Richard N., Noel P. James, and S. George Pemberton, (1984),
Sedimentology and Ichnology of the Lower Cambrian Bradore
Formation, Coastal Labrador: Fluvial to Shallow-Marine Transgressive
Sequence, Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, Vol.
32, No1, Pages 11-26.
[Beautiful sedimentologic interpretation of burrowed geologicial
section!].
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Hubbard,
S.M., M.K. Gingras, and S. G. Pemberton, M.B. Thomas, (2002),
Variability in Wave-Dominated Estuary Sandstones:
Implications on Subsurface Reservoir Development, Bulletin
of Canadian Petroleum Geology, Vol. 50 No. 1, Pages 118-137.
[Classic sedimentologic interpretation of barrier &
estuarine setting in rock record].
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Hubbard,
S.M., S.G. Pemberton, E.A. Howard, (1999), Regional
Geology and Sedimentology of the Basal Cretaceous Peace River
Oil Sands Deposit, North-Central Alberta, Bulletin
of Canadian Petroleum Geology, Vol. 47 No. 3, Pages 270-297.
[This paper illustrates how ichnology is used to determine
depositional setting and correlate lithofacies and chronostratigraphic
surfaces. Neat stuff if you like rocks!].
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Kobluk,
David R., S. George Pemberton, Marika Karolyi and Michael
J. Risk (1977), The Silurian-Devonian Disconformity
in Southern Ontario, Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum
Geology Vol. 25, No. 6, Pages 1157-1186.
[Ichnology used to decipher character of boundary between
the Silurian & Devonian.]
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Leszczynski,
Stanislaw, Alfred Uchman and Richard G. Bromley (1996), Trace
fossils indicating bottom aeration changes: Folusz Limestone,
Oligocene, Outer Carpathians, Poland Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Volume 121, Issues 1-2,
Pages 79-87.
[Ichnology used to determine the evolving character of
the depositional setting.] |
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MacEachern,
James A., Brian A. Zaitlin, and S. George Pemberton (3) (1999),
A Sharp-Based Sandstone of the Viking Formation, Joffre
Field, Alberta, Canada: Criteria for Recognition of Transgressively
Incised Shoreface Complexes, Journal of Sedimentary
Research, Section B: Stratigraphy and Global Studies, Vol.
69, No. 4, Pages 876-892.
[Use of ichnology to identify, interpret & correlate
stratigraphic surfaces including a transgressed sequence boundary.
Paper shows why ichnostratigraphy is important].
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Pemberton,
S.G. and MacEachern, J.A. 1995. The sequence stratigraphic
significance of trace fossils in examples from the Cretaceous
of Alberta. In: Van Wagoner, J.A., and Bertram, G.T.
(eds.). Sequence Stratigraphy of Foreland Basin Deposits -
Outcrop and Subsurface Examples from the Cretaceous of North
America. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir,
64: 429-475.
[In this landmark paper the fathers of ichnostratigraphy
place their footprints all over the interepretion of sequence
stratigraphic surfaces. Beautiful summary diagrams].
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Zonnevelda,
J. -P., M.K. Gingras, and S.G. Pemberton, (2001), Trace
fossil assemblages in a Middle Triassic mixed siliciclasticcarbonate
marginal marine depositional system, British Columbia, Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 166, 249–276.
[Match
of ichnofacies to shoreline and nearby aeolian belt like modern
UAE.] |
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